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69. Swales (1983d, p. 13).
70. Krüll (1979, p. 266). 71. E. Freud et al. (1978, pp. 107, 327). 72. S. Freud (1899b, Gesammelte Werke, 1, p. 473). 73. Krüll (1979, p. 261). 74. See Harvey (1967, p. 951); all subsequent dates for Easter and Pentecost are from this calendar. 75. Origins (pp. 221-222). 76. In 1897, Freud’s mother Amalia was 62 years old and Freud was 41. Amalia was born August 18, 1835 (Jones, 1953, p. 2). Freud’s father had died. the preceding fall, so there was no chance to ask him about the nanny. 77. S. Bernfeld (1946). 78. S. Freud (1899a, S.E., 3, p. 311). 79. Krüll (1979, p. 266). 80. Origins (p. 219). 81. Jones (1953, p. 13). 82. This possibility was suggested to me by Professor Rutar (1983), a native Czech, whose “Nana” did in fact take a prized toy of his when he was a child. Later, the toy was found being used by a child of the “Nana’s” family. 83. This possibility was brought to my attention by Professor Robert Holt. 84. For example, see Catechism of Christian Doctrine (1885/1977, p. 4). 85. Zezula (personal communication, 1983); also, children who died unbaptized went to limbo, according to Church teaching. 86. Rutar (personal communication, 1983). 87. Baptism was an especially common rite for adults on Holy Saturday, as it still is. 88. M. Freud (1957, p. 35). 89. M. Freud (1957, p. 36). Martin Freud (1957, p. 54) also mentioned that his sister Mathilde was allowed to go to church with a friend during summer vacation; Klein (1981, p. 60) writes that the Freud children apparently never attended synagogue. Thus, the Sigmund Freud family was without any significant Jewish religious atmosphere, and at least somewhat benevolently disposed toward the surrounding Catholic culture. 90. Sencourt (1971, p. 17). 91. Sencourt (1971, p. 20). Sencourt comments that Eliot’s first 16 years, spent mostly in St. Louis, were the most important in his life for establishing the material (images, emotions, experiences) on which his poetry was based; he also notes an important youthful poem by Eliot, “A Fable for Feasters,” set in a very Catholic setting of abbots, holy water, rites, and so on. The hypothesis of a connection between Eliot’s Catholic nanny and his later religious conversion was brought to my attention by Professor James Hitchcock. 92. Origins (pp. 220-221, emphasis added). 93. Holt (personal communication, 1981). 94. Many Christians mean “Have you been baptized?” when they ask, “Have you been washed in the blood of the Lamb?” 95. Matthew 27:33. In this and subsequent references to the Bible, the Revised Standard Version Is used unless otherwise noted. |