|
96. It was after learning of Holt’s proposal that I read Suzanne Cassirer Bernfeld’s paper (S. C. Bernfeld, 1951), in which she connects this same memory to Freud being “preconsciously occupied with church matters” (p. 123). She writes that “[T]he priest at Easter Mass washes his hands in red wine diluted with water which stands for Christ’s blood” (pp. 122-123); she also notes the Latin experimenta crucis and assumes that the nanny had major religious meaning for Freud centered around Easter and resurrection.
97. Origins (pp. 222-223). 98. Bowlby also thoroughly connects his concept of separation anxiety to the research and theory on animal instinct as understood by the ethologists. Bowlby thus sees his work as a partial answer to Freud’s explicit request for a theory of the instincts. In particular, he notes (1969, pp. 185-198) that separation anxiety is a common powerful motivation in the life of many young animals, especially young primates. 99. Bowlby (1969, p. 10). 100. S. Freud (1939, S.E., 23, p. 74). 101. Bowlby (1969, p. 28; 1973, p. 27). 102. Deutsch, cited by Bowlby (1969, p. 30). The boy is now known to have been Helene Deutsch’s son, Martin (Roazen, personal communication, 1985; see Roazen, 1985). 103. Bowlby (1973, p. 375-383). 104. S. Freud (1905, S.E., 7, p. 224). 105. Bowlby (1973, p. 378, note 2), quoting S. Freud (1917b, S.E., 16, p. 407). 106. S. Freud (1926, S.E., 20, pp. 136-137). 107. It is most significant that Freud said that the “crying my heart out” scene had occurred to him from time to time over the previous 29 years without his having any understanding of it (Origins, p. 222). This memory is obviously very important in conceptualizing Freud’s psychology. 108. Jones (1953, p. 13). 109. Origins (p. 237). 110. Jones (1953, p. 13). 111. S. C. Bernfeld (1951); Grigg (1973). 112. Bowlby (1973, Ch. 18). 113. Roazen (1975, pp. 27, 553) reports an interview with Edward Bernays in which financial losses by Emanuel and Philipp in South African ostrich feather farms are suggested as the explanation of why the Freud family left Freiberg. This claim is presumably based on the recollection of Edward’s mother, Anna (Freud’s sister); see also Bernays (ca. 1935, p. 90). However, Swales (personal communication, 1985) has informed me that the situation may have been quite different. Oliver Freud throws doubt on Edward Bernays’s claim in a letter to Siegfried Bernfeld (letter in the Bernfeld Collection, Library of Congress, with two sections dated April 13 and June 25, 1944). Oliver Freud wrote that the ostrich feather farms, destroyed by a bird disease and bringing financial ruin, were in England. Thus, this disaster came after departure from Freiberg. |