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173. S. Freud (1909b, C.P., 3, p. 368).
174. Letters (p. 256). 175. S. Freud (1907, S.E., 9, pp. 126-127). CHAPTER SEVEN 1. Schorske (1980, Ch. 3); Klein (1981, Ch. 1). 2. Klein (1981, Ch. 1). 3. Szasz (1978, p. 139). 4. For Adler’s becoming a Christian, see Eissler (1971, p. 376); for Freud’s “loathing” of Adler, see S. Freud & Andreas-Salomé (1972, p. 19); for Tausk’s baptism, see Eissler (1971, p. 68); for Freud’s “lack of enthusiasm” for Tausk, see Eissler (1971) and Roazen (1969). In addition to Adler and Tausk, the list of important figures in Freud’s life who converted to Christianity includes Heine; Michael Bernays; a medical professor called “B” (see Letters, p. 150); Mahler; V. C. Blum, the surgeon who performed the Steinache operation on Freud in 1923; and no doubt others, especially in the university medical world. (The Steinache operation—ligature of the vas deferens on both sides, a kind of “symbolic castration”—was performed on the basis of the hypothesis, now discredited, that it would rejuvenate the patient. For more on Blum and the operation, see Jones, 1957, pp. 98-99, and the detailed discussion in Romm, 1983.) 5. S. Freud & Pfister (1963, p. 117). 6. S. Freud (1927a, S.E., 21, p. 33). 7. S. Freud (1927a, S.E., 21, p. 18). 8. Freud here overlooks the belief in God’s personal judgment, and the notion of Hell, which are hardly comforting. If one has a conscious or unconscious fear of judgment, then God’s nonexistence is exactly how an atheist would want things to be; and, of course, for those who make “Faustian” bargains in their life, the nonexistence of God must be a truly urgent desire. 9. S. Freud (1927a, S.E., 21, p. 30). 10. S. Freud (1927a, S.E., 21, p. 31). 11. Feuerbach (1841/1957). 12. Waring (Ed.), in Feuerbach (1841/1957, pp. iii-ix). 13. Trosman (1973/1976, p. 47). 14. Trosman & Simmons (1973) list recently republished German editions of both The Essence of Christianity (1923) and The Essence of Religion (1923) in Freud’s library. The latter was another book by Feuerbach, very similar to the first in its criticism of religion. 15. Feuerbach (1841/1957, p. 11). 16. Feuerbach (1841/1957, p. 23). 17. Feuerbach (1841/1957, p. 33). 18. Breuer & Freud (1893/1895, S.E., 2, pp. 273-274). 19. Jones (1959, p. 2 10). 20. S. Freud (1928, S.E., 21, p. 170). 21. S. Freud & Pfister (1963, p. 122). 22. Brentano was a teacher who had considerable personal impact on many of his students, and he was known as a kind and profoundly moral man. For |